1031 EXCHANGE

1031 Exchange and Investment Information

Who Qualifies for the Section 1031 Exchange?

Owners of investment and business property may qualify for a Section 1031 deferral. Individuals, C corporations, S corporations, partnerships (general or limited), limited liability companies, trusts and any other taxpaying entity may set up an exchange of business or investment properties for business or investment properties under Section 1031.

What are the different structures of a Section 1031 Exchange?

To accomplish a Section 1031 exchange, there must be an exchange of properties.  The simplest type of Section 1031 exchange is a simultaneous swap of one property for another.

Deferred exchanges are more complex but allow flexibility.  They allow you to dispose of property and subsequently acquire one or more other like-kind replacement properties.

To qualify as a Section 1031 exchange, a deferred exchange must be distinguished from the case of a taxpayer simply selling one property and using the proceeds to purchase another property (which is a taxable transaction).  Rather, in a deferred exchange, the disposition of the relinquished property and acquisition of the replacement property must be mutually dependent parts of an integrated transaction constituting an exchange of property.  Taxpayers engaging in deferred exchanges generally use exchange facilitators under exchange agreements pursuant to rules provided in the Income Tax Regulations.

A reverse exchange is somewhat more complex than a deferred exchange.  It involves the acquisition of replacement property through an exchange accommodation titleholder, with whom it is parked for no more than 180 days.  During this parking period the taxpayer disposes of its relinquished property to close the exchange.

What property qualifies for a like-kind exchange?

Both the relinquished property you sell and the replacement property you buy must meet certain requirements.

Both properties must be held for use in a trade or business or for investment.   Property used primarily for personal use, like a primary residence or a second home or vacation home, does not qualify for like-kind exchange treatment.

Both properties must be similar enough to qualify as “like-kind.”  Like-kind property is property of the same nature, character or class.  Quality or grade does not matter. Most real estate will be like-kind to other real estate.  For example, real property that is improved with a residential rental house is like-kind to vacant land.  One exception for real estate is that property within the United States is not like-kind to property outside of the United States.  Also, improvements that are conveyed without land are not of like kind to land.

Real property and personal property can both qualify as exchange properties under Section 1031; but real property can never be like-kind to personal property. In personal property exchanges, the rules pertaining to what qualifies as like-kind are more restrictive than the rules pertaining to real property.  As an example,  cars are not like-kind to trucks.

Finally, certain types of property are specifically excluded from Section 1031 treatment. Section 1031 does not apply to exchanges of:

• Inventory or stock in trade
• Stocks, bonds, or notes
• Other securities or debt
• Partnership interests
• Certificates of trust

What are the time limits to complete section 1031 deferred like-kind exchange?

While a like-kind exchange does not have to be a simultaneous swap of properties, you must meet two time limits or the entire gain will be taxable.  These limits cannot be extended for any circumstance or hardship except in the case of presidentially declared disasters.

The first limit is that you have 45 days from the date you sell the relinquished property to identify potential replacement properties.  The identification must be in writing, signed by you and delivered to a person involved in the exchange like the seller of the replacement property or the qualified intermediary.  However, notice to your attorney, real estate agent, accountant or similar persons acting as your agent is not sufficient.

Replacement properties must be clearly described in the written identification.  In the case of real estate, this means a legal description, street address or distinguishable name. Follow the IRS guidelines for the maximum number and value of properties that can be identified.

The second limit is that the replacement property must be received and the exchange completed no later than 180 days after the sale of the exchanged property or the due date (with extensions) of the income tax return for the tax year in which the relinquished property was sold, whichever is earlier. The replacement property received must be substantially the same as property identified within the 45-day limit described above.

Are there restrictions for deferred and reverse exchanges?

It is important to know that taking control of cash or other proceeds before the exchange is complete may disqualify the entire transaction from like-kind exchange treatment and make ALL gain immediately taxable.

If cash or other proceeds that are not like-kind property are received at the conclusion of the exchange, the transaction will still qualify as a like-kind exchange.  Gain may be taxable, but only to the extent of the proceeds that are not like-kind property.

One way to avoid premature receipt of cash or other proceeds is to use a qualified intermediary or other exchange facilitator to hold those proceeds until the exchange is complete.

You cannot act as your own facilitator. In addition, your agent (including your real estate agent or broker, investment banker or broker, accountant, attorney, employee or anyone who has worked for you in those capacities within the previous two years) cannot act as your facilitator.

Be careful in your selection of a qualified intermediary as there have been recent incidents of intermediaries declaring bankruptcy or otherwise being unable to meet their contractual obligations to the taxpayer.  These situations have resulted in taxpayers not meeting the strict timelines set for a deferred or reverse exchange, thereby disqualifying the transaction from Section 1031 deferral of gain.  The gain may be taxable in the current year while any losses the taxpayer suffered would be considered under separate code sections.

What is LTV or Loan to Value?

LTV is Loan To Value – which means the amount of loan associated with the property. If a property is 50% loan to value (also called 50% leveraged) this means there is a 50% cash down payment and a 50% loan associated with the property. DST loans are non-recourse which means investors are not required to provide personal guarantees. Debt adds risk to any property but the newly assumed non-recourse debt may add to your depreciation basis, which may shelter a significant amount of cash flow from taxation.

How do you compute basis?

Basis from the relinquished (sold) property to the replacement (new) property must be carefully tracked and calculated by your tax professional to ensure a successful 1031 exchange.

In 1031 exchange your gain is deferred until a sale occurs or there is a step up in basis.

A very simple basis can look something like this: the price you paid for the property, less depreciation claimed over the years of ownership, plus any improvements to the property, plus any additional adjustments.

One way to garner additional depreciable basis, and subsequently shelter to cash flow, is to acquire debt with leveraged DSTs. This debt brings risk that would not occur in an all cash property but the benefit is the potential shelter of income.

When the new replacement property is sold in the future (assuming no further 1031 exchange), the original deferred gain, plus any additional gain realized since the purchase of the replacement property, is subject to tax.

How do you report section 1031 like-kind exchanges to the IRS?

You must report an exchange to the IRS on  Form 8824, Like-Kind Exchanges and  file it with your tax return for the year in which the exchange occurred.

Form 8824 asks for:

• Descriptions of the properties exchanged
• Dates that properties were identified and transferred
• Any relationship between the parties to the exchange
• Value of the like-kind and other property received
• Gain or loss on sale of other (non-like-kind) property given up
• Cash received or paid; liabilities relieved or assumed
• Adjusted basis of like-kind property given up; realized gain

If you do not specifically follow the rules for like-kind exchanges, you may be held liable for taxes, penalties, and interest on your transactions.

Should I beware of schemes?

Taxpayers should be wary of individuals promoting improper use of like-kind exchanges. Typically they are not tax professionals. Sales pitches may encourage taxpayers to exchange non-qualifying vacation or second homes. Many promoters of like-kind exchanges refer to them as “tax-free” exchanges not “tax-deferred” exchanges. Taxpayers may also be advised to claim an exchange despite the fact that they have taken possession of cash proceeds from the sale.

Resource:
IRS 1031 Publication 2008

* All information provided on this page is time sensitive and subject to change

Due Diligence

Corcapa 1031 Advisors is committed to conducting due diligence on sponsors and offerings it provides to investor clients.

Due Diligence is conducted on multiple levels by the sponsors, broker dealer DAI Securities, LLC and our branch Corcapa 1031 Advisors. We review third party property reports on the property: Appraisal, Property Condition Report and Environmental Reports. If there are any concerns raised from these reports follow up reports are requested. The Private Placement Memorandum or Prospectus is reviewed in detail at the Corcapa Branch level.

DAI Securities, LLC and Corcapa 1031 Advisors also reviews required independent third party reports which contain subject and competitive property information as well as an understanding of risks associated with each investment.

Should these offerings pass our due diligence review, they are approved and may then be shown to investors for consideration. Of course, even the most advanced due diligence process cannot guarantee success and investors must review offering materials in detail to understand all the risks and benefits of a program.

All real estate has risks, including if a property unexpectedly loses tenants or sustains substantial damage, there is potential for suspension of cash flow distributions (or rent). If a property fails, there is a possibility the investor could face depreciation recapture and resulting tax.

Consult a tax professional or refer to IRS publications listed below for additional assistance with IRC Section 1031 Like-Kind Exchanges.

References/Related Topics

• Publication 544, Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets
• Form 8824, Like-Kind Exchanges (PDF)
• Form 4797, Sales of Business Property

What is a 1031 Exchange?